Type IV Esophageal Atresia with Nasogastric Tube in Stomach

A preterm newborn required pulmonary surfactant administration and high frequency oscillatory ventilation due to respiratory distress syndrome. VACTERL association was suspected after diagnosis of several congenital anomalies (butterfly vertebra, double left ureteral system, double outlet right ventricle and limbs anomalies). A nasogastric tube was passed and tip position was confirmed in the stomach (Fig.1A). He experienced problems due to high leaks rate by endotracheal tube and progressive gastric distension, which led to esophageal atresia suspicion despite image of the tube tip into the stomach. An esophagogastric contrast study was performed to rule out tracheoesophageal fistula, showing a proximal esophageal pouch (Fig.1B). The newborn died 48 hours after birth due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. Autopsy confirmed an esophageal atresia type IV, with proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistula.